In the realm of construction, safety is paramount. This article aims to provide comprehensive guidance on site transport and lifting operations category 13, covering key aspects that are crucial for passing the UK Construction Skills Certification Scheme (CSCS) exam. By understanding and implementing these safety measures, you can contribute to a safer working environment for all.
Vehicle Movement and Pedestrian Safety
One of the most significant risks on a construction site involves the interaction between vehicles and pedestrians. When a large, mobile crane is reversing, or any site vehicle is operating in reverse, it poses a heightened risk due to limited visibility and potential blind spots. In such situations, the safest course of action is to wait or seek an alternative route around the vehicle. This principle applies not only to cranes but also to lorries, dumpers, and other site vehicles.
Similarly, when passing someone operating a mobile crane or a forklift truck lifting materials, it’s essential to find an alternative path to avoid potential hazards. Never attempt to pass quickly in front of a reversing vehicle or walk under a raised load, as this significantly increases the risk of accidents.
Designated Pedestrian Routes
To minimise the risk of accidents involving mobile plant, always stick to the designated pedestrian paths. These routes ensure separation from vehicle traffic, reducing the chances of a collision. Even if the quickest route to your work area passes through a contractor’s vehicle compound, it’s imperative to go around the compound on all occasions. This rule applies regardless of whether vehicles are stationary or the area is unattended.
Site transport should only be permitted to travel along a pedestrian route when it’s absolutely necessary, and all pedestrians have been safely removed from the area. If you witness mobile plant using a pedestrian path, inform your supervisor immediately. This proactive approach helps maintain safety protocols and allows for prompt corrective actions.
Working Near Mobile Cranes and Walls
When passing by a 360° mobile crane operating close to a wall, be aware of the significant risk of being crushed if you walk between the crane and the wall. The crane’s movements and limited visibility in that area make it a hazardous zone. Always choose a safer route around such operations.
Vehicle Control and Reversing
Reversing vehicles pose a significant risk on site. To enhance safety during reversing manoeuvres, it’s recommended to employ a vehicle marshal. These trained individuals guide vehicles, reducing the risk of accidents. As a driver, if you lose sight of your designated vehicle marshal, you must come to an immediate halt.
When vehicles unload materials into excavations, using stop blocks can prevent them from entering hazardous areas, making it an effective safety precaution. Additionally, before leaving a site vehicle, always turn off the engine to avoid unnecessary fuel wastage and prevent accidental operation of controls, which could lead to dangerous situations.
Competency and Training
Never operate machinery or plant that you’re not trained to use. If your manager requests you to operate a dumper truck without prior experience, inform them honestly about your lack of training. This transparency ensures safety and prevents potential accidents.
For tasks involving blind spots, such as operating a plant close to a structure, use a vehicle marshal. They provide crucial guidance and communication in areas not visible to the operator. Similarly, before overseeing any lift involving a crane, comprehensive training and confirmation of competence are essential.
To verify the training and competency of a slinger or signaller, always request to see their certification. This tangible evidence of their qualifications is the most reliable method of confirmation.
Communication and Visibility
Signallers play a vital role in site safety. They should always maintain communication with the equipment controller to ensure safe and effective operations. To enhance their safety, provide them with high-visibility clothing, making them easily visible to others and reducing the risk of accidents.
Before directing a vehicle, a vehicle marshaller must understand hand signals and relevant safety protocols. This knowledge ensures clear communication and enhances safety during vehicle movements.
Load Security and Hazard Awareness
If you believe a load is at risk of falling from a moving forklift truck, maintain a safe distance but attempt to alert the driver and nearby individuals. Similarly, if you notice a lorry parked with a flat tyre, inform the driver promptly. Driving with a flat tyre can pose safety risks to both the driver and other road users.
Be vigilant for signs of equipment malfunction. For instance, if a hydraulic excavator has ceased operation and fluid is dripping beneath it, this indicates a potential leak that could compromise safety and performance.
Parking and Over-turning Risks
Proper parking of earth-moving vehicles is crucial. Park them with buckets and blades resting on the ground to reduce the risk of overturning. In situations where the chances of tipping over are high, vehicles should be fitted with roll-over protective structures (ROPS) to ensure occupant safety.
Rear tipping lorries should avoid tipping operations on sloping or uneven terrain to prevent over-turning. Always consider the ground conditions before such operations.
Passenger Safety
Mobile plant operators should only allow individuals to ride in or on the machine if it’s specifically designed to accommodate passengers and has an assigned seating area. This rule ensures compliance with safety regulations governing the transportation of individuals on mobile plants.
Reporting and Vigilance
If you observe unsafe practices, such as a dumper truck being driven at excessive speed, keep a safe distance and inform the appropriate authorities. Similarly, if you notice a potential hazard during a crane lift, alert the individual overseeing or signalling the lift promptly.
By adhering to these guidelines, you not only prepare for the UK CSCS Site Transport and Lifting Operations exam but also contribute to a culture of safety on construction sites. Remember, safety is everyone’s responsibility, and by staying informed and vigilant, you can help prevent accidents and ensure a secure working environment for all.